Question 1:
Evolution of modern man involves the following man-like primates. Choose the correct series of human evolution.
Question 2:
Which one of the following options shows the correct evolutionary order of the plants mentioned below ?
(i) Ferns (ii) Ginkgo (iii) Zosterophyllum (iv) Gnetales
Choose the correct option.
(i) Ferns (ii) Ginkgo (iii) Zosterophyllum (iv) Gnetales
Choose the correct option.
Question 3:
The given graph shows the range of variation among population members, for a trait determined by multiple genes. If this population is subjected to disruptive selection for several generations, which of the following distributions is most likely to result ? [Graph is implied but not provided in text]
Choose the correct option:
Choose the correct option:
Question 4:
If a natural population with $50$ individuals is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles A and a, with the gene frequency of allele A of $0.6$, the genotype frequency of Aa will be :
Question 5:
In his observations of small black birds in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin found that all the finches arose from the original ancestor :
Question 6:
Which of the following combinations is a correct example of convergent evolution in Australian marsupials and Placental mammals ?
| Australian Marsupials | Placental Mammals | |
|---|---|---|
| (A) | Lemur | Spotted cuscus |
| (B) | Tasmanian tiger cat | Anteater |
| (C) | Bobcat | Lemur |
| (D) | Numbat | Anteater |
Question 7:
Which of the following combinations is a correct example of convergent evolution in Australian marsupials and Placental mammals ?
| Australian Marsupials | Placental Mammals | |
|---|---|---|
| (A) | Lemur | Spotted cuscus |
| (B) | Tasmanian tiger cat | Anteater |
| (C) | Bobcat | Lemur |
| (D) | Numbat | Anteater |
Question 8:
Which of the following combinations is a correct example of convergent evolution in Australian marsupials and Placental mammals ?
| Australian Marsupials | Placental Mammals | |
|---|---|---|
| (A) | Lemur | Spotted cuscus |
| (B) | Tasmanian tiger cat | Anteater |
| (C) | Bobcat | Lemur |
| (D) | Numbat | Anteater |
Question 9:
About $15$ mya during human evolution, the primates which used to walk like gorillas and chimpanzees were :
Question 10:
Assertion (A): The number of white winged moths decreased after industrialisation in England.
Reason (R) : Effects of industrialisation were more marked in rural areas of England.
Reason (R) : Effects of industrialisation were more marked in rural areas of England.
Question 11:
A few stages and their respective time period in the evolutionary history of human beings are mentioned in the flowchart given below :
15 mya $\rightarrow$ Primates walking like gorillas and chimpanzees existed. (a)
3-4 mya $\rightarrow$ Man-like primates walked in Eastern Africa. Fossils of their bones were discovered. (b)
2 mya $\rightarrow$ This ancestor lived in the East African grasslands and ate fruits. (c)
1.5 mya $\rightarrow$ This hominid had a brain size of 900 cc and probably ate meat. (d)
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
15 mya $\rightarrow$ Primates walking like gorillas and chimpanzees existed. (a)
3-4 mya $\rightarrow$ Man-like primates walked in Eastern Africa. Fossils of their bones were discovered. (b)
2 mya $\rightarrow$ This ancestor lived in the East African grasslands and ate fruits. (c)
1.5 mya $\rightarrow$ This hominid had a brain size of 900 cc and probably ate meat. (d)
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
- (a) Name one primate about $15$ mya.
- (b) Name one place where fossils of primates were discovered in Eastern Africa.
- (c) Name the ancestor that lived in the East African grasslands about $2$ mya.
- (d) Name the hominid that was found around $1.5$ mya.
Question 12:
Compare and contrast convergent and divergent evolution.
Question 13:
How does the process of Natural Selection affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain with the help of graphs.
Question 14:
- (a) "The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starts from a point and literally radiates to other geographical areas." Explain it with an example.
- (b) Cite an example where more than one adaptive radiation has occurred in an isolated geographical area. Name the type of evolution your example depicts.
Question 15:
(a) Natural selection operates in different ways in nature.
[Graph of Number of Individuals $\rightarrow$ vs Phenotype/Trait showing White Winged moth and Dark Winged moth peaks]
(i) Identify the type of natural selection depicted in the graph above.
(ii) In England after industrialisation, the population of dark winged moths were more favoured than white winged moth. Explain.
(iii) Anthropogenic action can enhance the rate of evolution. Explain with the help of an example.
[Graph of Number of Individuals $\rightarrow$ vs Phenotype/Trait showing White Winged moth and Dark Winged moth peaks]
(i) Identify the type of natural selection depicted in the graph above.
(ii) In England after industrialisation, the population of dark winged moths were more favoured than white winged moth. Explain.
(iii) Anthropogenic action can enhance the rate of evolution. Explain with the help of an example.
Question 16:
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. According to evolutionary theory, every evolutionary change involves the substitution of a new gene for the old one and the new allele arises from the old one. Continuous accumulation of changes in the DNA coding for proteins leads to evolutionary differences. The chemical composition of DNA is basically the same in all living beings, except for differences in the sequence of nitrogenous bases. Given below are percentage relative similarities between human DNA and DNA of other vertebrates: [Table showing Vertebrates (Chimpanzee, Gibbon, Rhesus Monkey, Lemur, Treeshrew, Mouse, Hedgehog, Chicken) and Percentage similarities is implied]
- (a) What is the term used for the substitution of a new gene for the old one and the new allele arising from the old one during evolutionary process?
- (b) Which one of the following holds true for the data provided in the above table ?
(A) Greater the evolutionary distance, greater are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
(B) Lesser the evolutionary distance, greater are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
(C) Greater the evolutionary distance, lesser are the differences in the nitrogenous bases.
(D) Lesser the evolutionary distance, lesser are the differences in the nitrogenous bases. - (c) (i) To which category of evolution (divergent or convergent) does the following relationship belong to? Justify your answer. Human and Rhesus Monkey
OR
(c) (ii) Differentiate between Convergent and Divergent evolution.
Question 17:
The most convincing evidence to trace evolutionary relationships between humans and different groups of animals come from the basic similarities seen at the molecular level. Study the table given below that depicts the number of amino acid differences between the haemoglobin polypeptide of few animals with that of humans and answer the questions that follow.
(a) To which category of evolution (Divergent or Convergent) do the following evolutionary relationships belong to :
(i) Humans and Macaque
(ii) Humans and Frog
(b) What do the biochemical similarities in haemoglobin suggest about the evolutionary relationship between humans, frog and lamprey?
(c) (i) Which one of the two - lampreys' or macaques' evolution is more closely related to humans and why ?
OR
(c) (ii) Which one of the two frogs' or dogs' evolution is more closely related to humans and why?
| S.No. | Animal | No. of amino acid differences in haemoglobin with that of humans |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Macaque | 08 |
| 2. | Dog | 32 |
| 3. | Bird | 45 |
| 4. | Frog | 67 |
| 5. | Lamprey | 125 |
(a) To which category of evolution (Divergent or Convergent) do the following evolutionary relationships belong to :
(i) Humans and Macaque
(ii) Humans and Frog
(b) What do the biochemical similarities in haemoglobin suggest about the evolutionary relationship between humans, frog and lamprey?
(c) (i) Which one of the two - lampreys' or macaques' evolution is more closely related to humans and why ?
OR
(c) (ii) Which one of the two frogs' or dogs' evolution is more closely related to humans and why?